Consciousness, Mind, Self, and Awareness: A Practical Guide to Seeing Clearly
Introduction One of the most profound insights of the Buddha’s teaching lies in discerning the subtle interplay between consciousness (viññāṇa), mind (citta/nāma), self (atta), and awareness (sati/paññā). For most of us, these flow together so seamlessly that we mistake the entire process as “me” and “my life.” But when untangled, we see where suffering arises and how freedom becomes possible. This article explains these four elements clearly, shows how they link through Dependent Origination (viññāṇa paccayā nāma-rūpa), and provides practical work-life examples. A visual diagram is included to make the relationship easier to grasp. 1. Consciousness (Viññāṇa) - Function: Bare knowing of an object through a sense door. - Nature: Passive, mirror-like. - Limit: It only knows “something is there.” Example: Eye-consciousness knows “color and shape,” but not “tree” or “my boss.” 2. Mind (Citta / Nāma) - Function: Defines, labels, evaluates, and narrat...